Current Situation and Outlook of Mechanization in Production of Rhizome-type Chinese Herbal Medicines in Sichuan Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sichuan province is extremely rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources，and the Chinese herbal medicine industry is an integral part of the "10+3" industrial system of modern agriculture. However，it has been long constrained by factors such as hilly terrain and scattered planting patterns，which hinders the mechanization development of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry. Committed to promoting the application and development of the whole-process mechanization of Chinese herbal medicine production， the research group investigated the current situation and mechanization application of the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry in Sichuan province，and clarified the core advantages of the industry in Sichuan province and the urgent need for mechanization production. The current situation of mechanization of key links in producing rhizome-type Chinese herbal medicines such as planting，fertilization，pest and weed controlling，harvesting，and primary processing in production areas were analyzed. The key factors and existing problems in the whole-process mechanization development as well as the key future research directions were discussed，and the mechanization development trend of Ophiopogonis Radix，Chuanxiong Rhizoma and other herbal medicines in the Chinese herbal medicine planting areas of Chengdu Plain were forecasted. This paper focused on the bottleneck of the mechanization application in producing Chinese herbal medicines in Sichuan province，and introduced key technologies and equipment for the whole-process mechanization of rhizome-type Chinese herbal medicine production，which is conducive to transforming and upgrading the Chinese herbal medicine production industry，accelerating the application of high-tech information technology，and promoting the mechanization and intelligentization of the planting industry.

Prospects and Constraints of Transplanted Maize, Wheat, Sorghum and Pearl Millet: A Review

Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet are important for human consumption due to their nutritional benefits. These cereals play pivotal roles to meet world’s food demand. However, maintenance of food security particularly in the circumstance of changing climate, constantly urges for modification of agro-techniques and one such modification is the incorporation of transplanting technique in these cereals as an alternative under a non-practicable situation of direct sowing. Transplanting is a method of transferring seedlings grown in nursery or others to the field. It has been already found to shorten the crop duration and improve germination, plant stand, seed and seedling quality parameters, growth, yield and economic profitability of these cereals. Besides, research findings are also available stating that transplanting helps these cereals to cope up with vagaries of weather and to exhibit greater radiation and water use efficiencies and suppression of weeds. Outcomes of transplanting are however dependent on various factors like methods of nursery raising, the variety used, mode of planting, age of seedlings etc. In spite of these prospects, transplanting technique is not so popular in these cereals due to poor dissemination, discouraging research findings, pest and disease problems, lack of suitable package of practices etc. Therefore, focuses are to be given in conducting more and more research trials to confirm its location and situation wise efficacy and also in developing and disseminating a suitable package of practices of transplanting accordingly.

Comparative Study of Energy Utilization and Green House Gas Emission by Hybrid Rice Grown under Two Different Cultivation Systems in Red Lateritic Zone of West Bengal

A field experiment was carried out at Agriculture Farm, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India during kharif season of 2015 to compare rice cultivation in conventional transplanting (CT) and system of rice intensification (SRI) in terms of energy use, energy input output relationship and green house gas emission. Results showed that regardless of cultivars, conventional transplanting consumed 62.39% higher energy over SRI. Maximum energy input was associated with non renewable and indirect sources. Higher dose of nitrogenous fertilizer had contributed to 32.35% and 26.26% to the total input energy in CT and SRI respectively. Energy use efficiency (13.22), energy productivity (6.94 kg MJ-1), energy profitability (12.22) and energy intensity (4.60 MJ Rs-1) of hybrid rice varieties were noted higher in SRI. Maximum green house gas emission from rice field was also attributed to fertilizer nitrogen followed by diesel in both the system. Total green house gas emission in CT was estimated to 834.85 (kg CO2ha-1) i.e. 1.8 times of SRI. Engirdling different energy indices, total input energy and green house gas emission, the system of rice intensification was emerged as the most energy efficient and sustainable rice production system in resource stricken areas (Red Lateritic Zone).

Efficient induction system of adventitious shoot and plantlet regeneration in Gentiana rigescens / 中草药

Objective: An efficient and stable regeneration system was developed to select the optimal protocol for plant regeneration with various explants of Gentiana rigescens. Methods: The study was designed as a L9(34) orthogonal experiment to explore the effects of different types and concentration of plant growth regulator combinations on adventitious shoot formation and plant regeneration, using different explants maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium after a single factor pre-experiment had been conducted. Results: Stem with buds was the optimal explant for indirect organogenesis with a frequency of callus induction of up to 97.73% obtained on MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + KT 0.05 mg/L after 10 dwith the axillary shoots starting to germinate along with the emergence of callus with a strong capacity of differentiation from the base; The callus started to generate green multiple shoots with a 100% rate after 15 d and a coefficient of differentiation in the clump shoot of 18.65. The multiplication coefficient was up to 63.58. However, the stem tip was the best explant for direct organogenesis with a propagation coefficient of up to 44.36 cultured on MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0 mg/L + KT 0.5 mg/L 30 days later. The plantlet derived from two explants was too weak for rooting and the weak multiplication plantlet was maintained on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 1.5 mg/L, NAA 1.0 mg/L, KT 0.05 mg/L, and PP333 10 mg/L to rejuvenation for 60 d. The regeneration plant with 100% rooting rate was obtained by culturing on 1/2 MS + 6-BA 0.1 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L for 45 d and more than 95% of plantlets survived after transplanting. Conclusion: The current study established a rapid propagation system which is helpful to protect the wild resources and high quality seedling propagation of G. rigescens, meanwhile providing scientific evidence for the research on genetic transformation.

Can Mechanization Reduce Labour and Water Demand in Agriculture? A Case of Rice Transplanters in Andhra Pradesh.

Mechanization in agricultural sector is advancing in developing countries like India. Rice is a labour-intensive crop and requires about 80-90 labour days per acre. Timely availability of labour and water for various activities of rice is becoming a problem. The cost of the labor among the cultivation cost also increased from 15-18 % to 45-47% during the last decade. Water scarcity is also increasing due to climate variability in the country. Hence, to overcome labour shortage and sustain rice production with less water, the recent phenomenon observed in Andhra Pradesh state is the use of machine transplanters and harvesters. These are resulting in the process of mechanization and increasing their popularity during the recent years. The machinery transplantation was taken up in 21 farmers fields covering 0.4 ha each. The field observations from the farmers’ fields show that machinery transplantation reduces seed by 50 % and labour by 22%. The nursery cost for the machinery transplantation is higher compared to traditional transplantation method (by Rs 2330). The other major observations noticed during the validation of technology was, that number of hills per sq.m and tillers in a hill are higher compared to the manual transplantation, resist lodging during heavy floods. The effective tillers in a hill range from 12-15 and also increase the panicle grain number. The yield of rice was found to be higher by 6-7 q/ha compared to the manual transplanting. The total variable cost with the machine transplantation does not show any significant difference with the transplantation method. Government is also promoting machine transplanters through subsidized policy to the farming community. However, relevant capacity building programs on the mat nursery preparation for machine transplanting is lacking.

The effection of nitric oxide and suPeroxide dismutase in the human umbilical cord Wharton jelly mesenchyme cell transPlanted with hyPerbaric oxygen treated in myocardial infarction rats / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore whether hyperbaric oxyGen could improve microenvironment of transplanted stem cell in myocardial infarction rats or not. Methods Sixty-six SD rats were randomly divided into four Groups:sham operated,myocardial infarction( MI),Stem Cell Transplanted( SC),hiGh oxyGen pressure ( HBO)+SC Groups respectively. MI rat model was established,and then HBO treatment was carried out every day from the first day to 30th day. Human umbilical cord Wharton jelly mesenchyme cell was transplanted on the 7th day after MI. The serum level of superoxide dismutase( SOD ) and nitric oxide( NO ) were assayed respectively by xanthine oxidase method and nitric acid reduction colorimetric technique on the lst,7th,l4th and 30th day after MI. Human Whartonˊs jelly stem cells was marked with electronic display unit for tracinG in vivo. Stem cell proliferation and survival rate were identified by immunofluorescence method. Results ( l ) Compared with MI and SC Group respectively,the level of SOD increased siGnificantly in HBO +SC Group( P<0. 05).(2)Compared with MI Group,the level of NO increased siGnificantly in HBO+SC Group all time( P<0. 05),and compared with SC Group,the level of NO also increased siGnificantly at the l4th and 30th day( P<0. 05).(3)Compared with SC Group,the stem cell proliferation and survival rate all increased siGnificantly in HBO+SC Group at the l4th and 30th day(55. 00% vs 80. 58%,34. 28% vs 79. l2%,P<0. 05). Conclusion Stem cell transplanted assisted with hyperbaric oxyGenation could siGnificantly increase the level of NO and SOD,so as to improve the stress state after MI and promot the proliferation and survival rate of stem cell.

Produção de tomateiro, híbrido momotaro, em função do estádio das mudas e da enxertia / Production of tomato, momotaro hibrid according to seedling stage and grafting

O trabalho foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, UNESP-Fazenda Experimental São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -Botucatu no município de São Manuel-SP no solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo fase arenosa. Determinou-se o estádio de desenvolvimento da muda para o transplante, com cinco a seis folhas definitivas, em estádio de plena floração e em início da frutificação. O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), híbrido Momotaro T-93, foi cultivado sobre dois porta-enxertos, os híbridos Anchor T e Kaguemusha e em pé franco. Avaliou-se área foliar, comprimento e massa seca das mudas no momento do transplante; número de folhas total/planta; massa fresca e seca das folhas abaixo do terceiro cacho floral e classificação dos frutos em diâmetro e produção total até o 8º cacho. Conclui-se que o estádio de desenvolvimento de mudas de pé franco, transplantadas com 5 a 6 folhas definitivas, é o que apresenta as maiores médias para produção e diâmetro médio de frutos. Para mudas enxertadas, o estádio de cinco a seis folhas definitivas até plena floração, não houve diferença na produtividade e qualidade final, sendo os melhores desempenhos obtidos pelo porta-enxerto Anchor T.

This work was carried out in a protected environment at Sa Paulo State University (UNESP) São Manuel Experimental Farm, College of Agronomical Sciences, São Manuel Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. The local soil was red-yellow sandy-phase latosol. The following development stages for transplanting were evaluated: seedlings presenting 5 to 6 definitive leaves, in full flowering and beginning of fruiting. Momotaro T-93 hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown on two rootstocks, the hybrids Anchor T and Kaguemusha, and in non-grafted ones. Evaluations included leaf area, seedling length, seedling dry matter at the moment of the transplant, total number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry matter of leaves below the third inflorescence, fruit classification according to diameter, and total fruit production until the eighth bunch. Non-grafted plants transplanted when they presented 5 to 6 definitive leaves had the highest mean fruit production and diameter. As regards grafted plants, no difference was detected concerning productivity and final quality when seedlings were in the stages from 5 to 6 definitive leaves until full flowering, and the rootstock Anchor T presented the best development.

Anti-aging effect of allografting adipose-derived stem cells in rats / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the effect of transplanting the adipose-dervived stem cells(ADSCs) on free radical metabolism and immune function of rat aging model induced by D-galactose from fasiaology perspective;to explore a new method for anti-aging. Methods The ADSCs were cultured in vitro. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group(A), aging model group(B) and treat group(C). Ten rats in each group. Rats in B and C groups were injected D-galactose continually into make the sub-acute aging model rats.After 8-week injections of D-galactose;R3ats in group C were injected ADSCs(3×10~6/ml) through caudal vein. After 2-week transplantions of ADSCs, T-SOD, CuZn-SOD, MDA, NO, IL-2 and spleen index levels in serums of each group were detected and compared among the three groups. Results Compared with the A group, the SOD, NO, IL-2 level and spleen index in serum in group B decreased significantly, while the contents of MDA increased significantly. Compared with group B, the SOD, NO, IL-2 level and spleen index in serum in group C had been improved, and the contents of MDA decreased significantly. Conclusion Transplanting ADSCs can improve the antioxidant ability and strengthen the cellular immune function of aging rats.Further more, it can delay the ageing procedure induced by D-galactose in rats.

The growing features of rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma model prepared with modified inoculation method / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To establish a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model by transplanting tumor tissue mass into the rabbit's liver,to analyze and observe the growing features of the liver tumor.Methods The tumor tissue mass(about 106-108 VX2 liver tumor cells)was inoculated into the left hepatic labe in 20 rabbits to establish rabbit VX-2 hepatic carcinoma model.The observation included the following two respects.(1)The tumor's volume at 7,10,14,17 and 21 days after the procedure was measured by ultrasonography and the growth rate of tumor was calculated.(2)The morphological feature of the tumor was inspected both macroscopically and microscopically.Results The growing pattern of the tumor was compatible with the exponential curve.Seventeen days after transplantation the increase rate of the tumor volume was much higher than that of the tumor diameter. Histopathologjcally,the growing pattern of the tumor took the form of infiltrative way,with its appearance being quite similar to the VX2 squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Transplantation of tumor tissue mass is the technique of first choice to establish the VX2 liver carcinoma model in rabbits.This experimental model is a very ideal animal form for both clinical and fundamental studies of liver carcinoma.

Clinical observation of superficial radial nerve transplanting to repair musculospiral nerve defection and functional reconstruction of donor site / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the effect of superficial radial nerve transplanting to repair musculospiral nerve defection and using end-to-side neurorrhaphy to reconstruct the function of the donor site. Methods Thirtyfour cases underwent superficial radial nerve transplanting to repair musculospiral nerve defection and end-to-side neurorrhaphy was performed to reconstruct the function of the donor site. Results All cases were followed-up for 6 to 18 months,the functional recovery of the recipient of musculospiral nerve was excellent in 23 cases and good in 5 cases,with an excellent and good rate of 82. 53 %. Sensory recovery of donator nerve was excellent in 27 cases and good in 5 cases,with an excellent and good rate of 94. 12%. Conclusions Superficial radial nerve transplanting to repair musculospiral nerve defection and functional reconstruction of donor site is a better choice in treating neurologic defect.

The Tiny Supermini Wound Cut Opens Dyadic Dallopian Tube of Window Transplanting Skill 25 Examples Clinical Practice / 医学研究杂志

Objective To discuss dyadic fallopian tube of supermini underbelly cut windowing transplanting tiny simple skill wound method.Methods Choose 25 example mesenchymes headquarters or the gorge headquarter blocks nature barrenness(8 examples)and mesenchyme headquarter or gorge headquarter ectopic pregnancy(17 examples),adopt supermini underbelly 2.5 ~ 3.5 cm cuts to do dyadic fallopian tube of windowing transplant a skill,and transplant skill 15 examples action with the tradition fallopian tube contrasting.Results 25 example patients transplant 29 strip fallopian tube together,operation time shares 68.3 ?22.9 minutes,operation bleeding very few 35.8 +/-28.6 average mL,the skill queen is in hospital time 5.4 +/-0.8 days,no complication happens.Skill last 25 routine fallopian tube exchange the liquid experiment,17(68.0%)examples smooths,7(28.0%)examples exchanges but no free,1(4.0%)regular clausura.Conclusion That the supermini cut of underbelly and the dyadic fallopian tube of windowing transplanting skill is simple and microinvasive,which makes it worth extensive appeication.

The countermeasure analysis of organ transplanting issue in our country / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Organ transplanting in our country began in the 1970s,which has already made very great development and progress. But with many problems arising,this has brought certain difficulty to the further development of the organ transplanting. This article has analyzed the questions appearing in organ transplanting of our country and proposed the related countermeasures.

A firm grip on medical administration and high tech to upgrade medical quality / 中华医院管理杂志

Ten years have been spent taking a firm grip on medical administration and high tech in the hospital.The skill of organ transplanting has been upgraded and new medical technonogy developed. The overall rising rate of full recovery and the lowering rate of death of serious and critical patients have shown a higher medical quality.All this attributes largely to the growing attention to medical administra- tion and quality control,tightening infection control,more strict practice of ward visits by three ranks of doctors,more care to serious and critical patients and the trianing of technical personnel.More actions have been taken to answer the call of develoPing the hospital through science and technology with special measures focusing on the basic construction required by the call and technical competitiveness of major departments and on the concentrating attacks on hot problems.

Quality change on Alisma plantago-aquatica at various growing-seedling stages, transplanting stages, and collecting stages / 中草药

Objective To establish the quality standard of Alisma plantago-aquatica through comparing systematically the changes of HPLC fingerprint of 23-alisol B and 24-alisol A, and other corresponding components as well. Methods The gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation and data were analyzed by "Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation" software and DPS statistic software. Results Total quality of A. plantago-aquatica was the best when grow-seedling was at 25th, June, transplanting at 10th, September, and collecting at 22nd, December in the same year. Conclusion Total quality will drop along with the postponement of grow-seedling stage, transplanting stage, and collecting stage.